History: Vikings Raid and Anglo-Saxon Renewal

In the year of 793, Vikings had already begun to strike terror into the lives of Northern Europeans. The Vikings reached Tours in 853 and carried out three more attacks to occur in years 862, 867 and 877. By the 870s, almost all of Northern England had been overrun, leaving one Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Under the leadership of King Alfred, the entire country was gradually reclaimed. After Alfred's death in 899, a monastic renewal movement took place; re-founding destroyed monasteries and building new ones.

Influenced by Anglo-Saxon half-uncial script, Carolingian script was the writing style of choice. This writing style featured a thicker pen and slightly more rounded serifs.